PARAPHRASING SENTENCE

Parafrase adalah istilah linguistik yang berarti pengungkapan kembali suatu konsep dengan cara lain dalam bahasa yang sama, namun tanpa mengubah maknanya. Parafrase memberikan kemungkinan kepada sang penulis untuk memberi penekanan yang agak berlainan dengan penulis asli. Istilah parafrase berasal dari bahasa Inggris paraphrase, dari bahasa Latin paraphrasis, dari bahasa Yunani para phraseïn yang berarti “cara ekspresi tambahan”. Parafrasis adalah tindakan atau kegiatan untuk membuat parafrase, yaitu:

1. Bacalah teks yang akan diparafrasa secara keseluruhan.
2. Pahami topik atau tema dari teks tersebut, untuk teks berbentuk narasi pahami pula alur atau jalan ceritanya.
3. Carilah kalimat utama pada setiap paragraf untuk menemukan gagasan atau ide pokok paragraf tersebut.
4. Catatlah gagasan pokok setiap paragrafnya.
5. Perhatikan kalimat penjelas, pilihlah kalimat penjelas yang penting dan buanglah yang hanya berupa ilustrasi, contoh, permisalan, dan sebagainya.
6. Pilihlah kala atau kalimat yang efektif untuk menceritakan kembali. jika perlu gunakan kata yang sepadan atau ungkapan yang lebih mewakili pengertian yang panjang, tetapi dapat dipahami.
7. Jika ada kalimat langsung, ubahlah menjadi kalimat tidak langsung agar lebih singkat.
8. Ceritakan atau uraikan kembali dengan bahasa yang lebih mudah dipahami dan ringkas.

Paraphrasing Method 1: Using Synonyms.

Synonyms are different words that have the same meaning. For example, ‘humans’ is a synonym of ‘people’ and ‘attractive’ is a synonym of ‘beautiful’. This method simply replaces words with the same meaning in order to produce a new sentence.

For example:

My car needs petrol.

My vehicle requires fuel.

As you can see, I have replaced 3 out of four words with synonyms to produce a new sentence, with the same meaning as the first one. You will notice that I didn’t replace all of the words, but you should try to replace most of them.

This is the most common method that students use and it can be used effectively, but you should be careful. The biggest mistake students make is trying to paraphrase and the word having a similarmeaning, but not the same meaning. Similar meanings are not good enough and will lose you marks. Let’s look at some examples of poor paraphrasing because of using similar instead of the same meanings.

Violent crime is on the rise among teenagers.

Violent offences are rising among young people.

Method Number 2: Change the Word Order :

Changing the word order also allows us to effectively paraphrase a sentence, but again, we have to be careful. Don’t change the word order without thinking about how this affects the grammar of the sentence. By changing the word order you may have to add a word, subtract a word or change the form of the word.

If the original sentence has two or more clauses, change the order of the clauses.

Original Text

“If they have some help, most people can paraphrase effectively. However, practice is

important because paraphrasing is difficult.”

Paraphrasing Text

“Most people can paraphrase effectively, if they have some help. Paraphrasing is difficult, however, so practice is important.”

Method Number 3: Use Different Grammar

a. Change some of the words in the original sentence into different parts of speech (you will

often need to change the word order and some other words, too).

Original Text

“The most effective way to build your English skill is to study regularly.”

Paraphrasing Text

“The most effective way of building your English skill is to do studying on a regular basis.”

b. If the original sentence is in the active voice, change it to passive or vice versa.

Original Text

“To improve English, you should learn new vocabulary on a daily basis.”

Paraphrasing Text

“To improve English, new vocabulary should be learned on a daily basis”

rpradillah

Author & Editor

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